徐志摩在《吸烟与文化》中深情地写到: “我在康桥的日子可真是幸福，生怕这辈子再也得不到那样甜蜜的机会了。我不敢说康桥给了我多少学问或是教会了我什么，我不敢说受了康桥的洗礼，一个人就会变气息，脱凡胎。我敢说的只是——就我个人说，我的眼是康桥教我睁得，我的求知欲是康桥给我拨动的，我的自我意识是康桥给我胚胎的。” 进入剑桥的人文环境，扑面而来的是诗的气息，各种流派的文学氛围令每一个学子陶醉，让他们的灵魂受到熏陶。徐志摩也不例外。他通读了哈代、狄更斯、雪莱、拜伦等撰写的名著、名诗。 他所创作的诗歌都打上了这些大家的烙印。

参考译文：

Hsu Chi-mo’s Obsession with Cambridge

In Smoking and Culture Xu Zimo recounted with deep affection his life in Cambridge. He said, “The days I spent in Cambridge were most blissful of all. I am afraid I would never have an opportunity to relive those sweet days for the rest of my life. I dare not say how knowledgeable I have become through my education in Cambridge, I dare not say one can be regenerated and deified through the baptism of Cambridge. What I dare say is that it was Cambridge that opened my eyes, it was Cambridge that aroused my curiosity in knowledge, it was Cambridge that generated the awareness of “I” in me.” Students entered into Cambridge immediately breathe the humanist air tinged with poetic flavor; they are intoxicated by the atmosphere of varied literary schools that edify their souls. Among these students is Xu Zimo, who was well read in those masterpieces by Thomas Hardy, Charles Dickens, P. B. Shelley, Lord Byron, and so on that later had great impact on his own poetical works.

翻译需要讲求对等，但有时候这种对等不能太过机械。从实际操作层面来看，大多数翻译对等都是在句子层面展开的，不过偶然也需要进行跨越句子的调整，这样的对等可以说是段落或篇章的对等。实际上，英汉语言在篇章上的差异也是翻译必须考虑的一个因素，比如英语段落往往有一个主题句，而汉语的段落在主题句上则表现得不是那么明显，因此在汉译英时适当地添加主题句也是可取的。我在翻译译题一时，就考虑到了这个因素，所以第一句添加了部分信息，以使其能够概述这一段落的内容。“In Smoking and Culture Xu Zimo recounted with deep affection his life in Cambridge.”这句话回译成汉语就是：在《吸烟与文化》一书中，徐志摩深情地讲述了他在剑桥（康桥）的生活。这样处理使得段落的主题突出，比较符合英语的行文习惯。信息补充并非空虚来风，或者源于读者与译者共享的信息、史实或百科知识、或者源于上下文所提供的信息。

由于译题一对徐志摩作品的引用很多地方涉及隐喻，所以翻译起来很不容易。网友tu220tu的译文相当不错，不过在翻译“变气息，脱凡胎”、“给我胚胎”等比喻时，主要采取的是意译的方法，译文分别是became elegant and refined和bred my self-awareness，“胚胎”的隐喻本体丧失了。其他网友的翻译中，JoanBaez使用了incubate来对译后一处比喻。实际上，隐喻的处理一直是一个难题，过直则侵害译入语的语言习惯，意译则丢失原文的比喻色彩。比如网友zhugefuqin翻译的这句话： that it is Cambridge that broadened my horizons, it is Cambridge that activate my desire for learning ,and it is Cambridge that cultivated my self-consciousness（拼写错误已订正），就是很好的意译，但对于徐志摩刻意采用的隐喻则有所忽略，这可能就是翻译的两难境地。

译题二：女婿节比光棍节有意义

一部名为《新女婿时代》的电视剧，竟然倡议将每年2月22日定为女婿节，这个“节”的概念以及“三个二”的日子，都容易让人忍俊不禁。 电视剧的男主角林永健，也是在剧中扮演女婿的演员，在建议时振振有辞：“兹建议将每年2月22日定为‘女婿节’。”为什么选择这一天？这反映了女婿群体的现状。其深刻寓意在于：女婿在家里的地位基本是二等，千年老二，任何大事都容易成为第二选择；女婿的某些行为被社会“二”化等等。

参考译文：

Happy Son-in-law’s Day!

In a TV serial called The New Times of Son-in-law, the protagonist starring Lin Yongjian went so far as to propose that February 22 should be observed as Son-in-law’s Day each year. The very concept of this celebration and the three “2s” (February is obviously the 2nd month of a year) there in the day combine to make people simmer with laughter. In making the proposal, the said son-in-law spoke plausibly, “February 22 shall be Son-in-law’s day each year from now on.” Why choose February 22? The secret lies in the digit “2” that connotes the status quo of a son-in-law in a Chinese family. He is no more than a “secondary citizen”, who has always been the second choice, in big events as well as trivial matters. In addition, some behaviors of son-in-laws have been labeled as “er”, which carries the sense of an idiot now in Chinese.

对于译题二的翻译而言，“二”是最大的难题。近年来，“二”从北京方言一跃成为社会流行语，其隐含的意义十分丰富，在英语中暂时还没有一个能与之对应的词汇。网友在翻译处理上，也多采用了意译的方法，个别网友的直译违背了英语词汇构成的原则，是不可取的，比如jessicadanbi 使用的secondlized一词和hairong2011使用的 twolized一词，在英语中是根本不存在的，虽然中国人已经创造出了ungelivable这样的英语单词，但这样的造词一般是很难被译入语所接受的。在翻译学上，对于确实没有对应词，又需要向目的语介绍的词语，一般可采用音译与解释相结合的方法，比如像我在译文中那样处理：labeled as “er”, which carries the sense of an idiot now in Chinese。这种方法也是我们以前讨论过的解释性翻译法，具体来说是添加必要的解释性信息。像网友IAN CHANG的翻译“and the some acts of son-in-law have a stereotyped image of clumsiness in our society, and so on”，意思上是正确的，但由于意译处理了原文的“二”字的意思，没有附加解释，使上下文脱节，给人感觉有些突兀。

我在处理这段文字时，也进行了跨句的处理，比如把“电视剧的男主角林永健”这一信息移到了第一句中，这样可以表面汉语句子“一部名为《新女婿时代》的电视剧，竟然倡议将每年2月22日定为女婿节”翻译成英语时找不到适当的主语的尴尬。网友squirrel2011的翻译：“A TV drama, new era of son-in-law, proposes so far as to designate the date of Feb 22 as the "son-in-law Day".”就不得不用a TV drama作主语，看起来总有些尴尬。

译题三：白领关注“淘宝掌柜综合征”

近日，一个题为《25岁皇冠女掌柜过劳死，她的青春谁买单？》的帖子，让人不胜唏嘘：据报道，一个25岁的年轻女子在两年内经营淘宝店铺做到了皇冠信誉，也是淘宝大军中的佼佼者，而夜以继日的工作，过度劳累导致了猝死这一悲剧事件的发生。很多淘宝掌柜们扼腕叹息，也开始关注起每天长时间“在线生活”带给自己健康的隐形伤害。 其实，何止是淘宝掌柜们，在现代社会，有不少“小白”们每天一上班就打开电脑，面对屏幕工作一整天，然后没事整天拿着手机刷微博，或者回到家还会在手机上“消灭”一本又一本网络小说，每天凌晨一两点钟甚至更晚睡觉……

参考译文：

“Taobao Shopkeeper Syndrome” Concerns White Collars

Netizens could not help bemoaning over the karoshi of a 25-year-old female crown shopkeeper when they read the recent post about her on the internet. It is said that the Taobao shop run by the deceased 25-year-od young woman had been credited with the crown title within 2 years. Though she was among the best of Taobao shopkeepers, she had overworked herself to a tragic death. Many Taobao shopkeepers sighed over her story and began to pay attention to their own “online life” of long hours each day that had been the invisible killer of their health. In reality, in a modern society, white collars lead a similar life as Taobao shopkeepers: they switch on their computers as long as they start a day’s work, stare at the screen all day long, refresh microblogs once in a while on their mobile phones, and even stay up late into night to “devour” one online novel after another…

第三段文字不算很难，但开头要开好，由于帖子的名称太长，我在翻译时进行了变通处理。网友大部分使用了直译的方法，比如kimlily的翻译“Recently, a post titled “25-year-old online crown female shopkeeper died from overwork, who paid for her youth?” made people sigh a lot. ”的句式可以稍作调整，改成：Recently, a post made people sigh a lot titled…，另一个问题就是这里的“人们”一词太泛，可以改为netizens，这样能准确地揭示读到贴子的人们的身份，从翻译对词语的选择来讲，词汇要具体准确才好。

这段文字在中间衔接部分也需给与特别关注，“其实，何止是淘宝掌柜们”这里是衔接上下文的句子，意思是“白领和淘宝掌柜们”在生活方式上有很多相似的地方，因此可以翻译成：white collars lead a similar life as Taobao shopkeepers，这样比较符合英语的表达习惯。“消灭”这个词不容易翻译，从系统隐喻的角度来看，以战争的词汇比喻日常生活行为是很常见的，比如kill the time，但英语中并无等同于汉语“消灭小说”这样的说法，笔者开始用了“annihilate”一词来翻译，后来感觉不妥，就换成了devour一词，因为在英语中已经有了先例，可以说devour a novel（贪婪地阅读小说）。